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《英语写作基础》知识点分析与解题思路(2)
(发布时间: 2008-6-4 10:55:00 来自:)

第二大题 改写病句(本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分)

  Correct the errors in the following sentences

  一, 考核知识点:考查对连接词(joining word)使用错误的识别与修正。

  ●试题:

  11. Your sales are up, therefore, your bonus is forthcoming.

  ●答案:

  11. Your sales are up; therefore, your bonus is forthcoming.

  ●解题关键:

  (1) 连接词(joining word)可分为连词(如:and, but, for, so, because, although, since等)和连接性副词(如:therefore, consequently, accordingly, moreover, furthermore, otherwise, likewise, however, nevertheless等)。连词和连接性副词在用法上有很多相似之处,但也有不同点。

  (2) 连词和连接性副词在连接两个分句时,前后使用的标点符号不同:连词之前常用逗号(,),之后通常不用标点;而连接性副词之前要求用分号(;)或句号(。),之后常用逗号(,)。

  (3) 该句最简便的修正方法是将连接性副词therefore前的逗号(,)改为分号(;)。另外也可改为:Your sales are up. Therefore, your bonus is forthcoming. “评分标准”中规定:“与标准答案不一致,但句子结构正确,表意准确,也得满分。否则,酌情给分或不得分。”

  ●考生典型答题错误分析:

  (错误)If your sales are up, your bonus will be forthcoming

  (分析)原句中的两个分句之间是因果关系,而不是假设关系。

  (错误)Your bonus is forthcoming, therefore, your sales are up.

  (分析)有些考生识别不出病句结构上的错误,就以为句义有误,对两个分句的因果关系作了调整。值得注意的是,写作基础试卷改写病句一题中的病句通常错在结构上,而不是语义上。

  二, 考核知识点:考查对破句(fragmentary sentence)的识别和修正。

  ●试题:

  12. People worked together on the assembly line. Moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possible.

  ●答案:

  12. People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible.

  ●解题关键:

  (1) 了解破句(fragmentary sentence)的特点:把句子的一部分当成了一个句子。英语中一个完整的句子必须包含“主语+谓语”结构,否则就是破句(fragmentary sentence)。

  (2) 找出病句中结构不完整的句子(即不包含主谓结构的句子):Moving quickly and efficiently.

  (3) 由于用分词结构而引起的破句的修改方法为:将分词结构还原为谓语形式使其独立成句,或者将分词结构与其前面或后面的句子融合在一起。本句最简便的修正方法是将moving前的句号(。)变成逗号(,),使moving quickly and efficiently融入前面的句子,成为表示伴随状况的分词短语。

  ●考生典型答题错误分析:

  (错误)People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently., they wanted to make s much money as possible.

  (分析)这是一个串句(run-on sentence),误将两个独立分句合写在一个句子里面而没有适当地分离标识。

  (错误)People worked together on the assembly line moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money as possible.

  (分析)moving的逻辑主语是people,不是assembly line,因此moving前必须有逗号(,),否则分词短语moving quickly and efficiently就变成了修饰名词assembly line的定语,而不再是谓语动词worked的伴随状况。

  三, 考核知识点:考查对垂悬修饰语(dangling modifier)的识别和修正。

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